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This is a translation of a posthumous essay by the Viennese philosopher-psychologist, Otto Weininger (1880-1903). His main book, Sex and Character, was published in 1903 (English version, 1906). Many distinguished Viennese were deeply influenced by Weininger; among them was Ludwig Wittgenstein, who paid tribute to him even late in his life. In particular, he is known to have admired the present essay and its foray into “animal psychology”. The investigation of the significance for human psychology of dogs and other (...) animals is part of a larger scheme which Weininger sketches, to investigate the symbolism of all kinds of things. His ultimate goal is to reveal the relationship between the microcosm of the human consciousness and the macrocosm of the external universe. Hence the title, “metaphysics”. (shrink)

Background: Poor mental health affects adolescent development and is associated with health and social outcomes in later life. The current study uses cross-sectional data to explore the understudied aspects of peer relationships as a predictor of depressive symptom severity of adolescents in Germany.Method: Data from the German BELLA study were analyzed. We focused on the most recent measurement point of the BELLA study and analyzed data of 446 adolescents. Peer relationship was measured using four items from the internationally established Patient-Reported (...) Outcome Measurement Information System. Depressive symptoms were assessed via seven items of the German version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Short Depression Scale. Hierarchical linear regression models were computed to explore the association between depressive symptoms and peer relationships. Hierarchical linear regression models served to determine the added predictive effects of each aspect of peer relationships.Result: The regression model showed that 22% of the variance of the severity of depressive symptoms could be explained by the quality of adolescents’ peer relationships = 125.65, p < 0.001). Peer acceptance has the most substantial unique contribution to peer relationship as a predictor of depressive symptom severity. The gender-specific analysis shows different trends for boys and girls.Conclusion: The quality of peer relationships is a significant predictor of adolescents’ depressive symptoms severity. Improved peer acceptance, dependability, and ease of making new friends are significantly associated with reduced depression symptoms for Germany’s adolescent population. (shrink)

Read audit in artes for the transmitted audet in artes in Gratt. 498. The correction has the effect that the phrase audere (ardere Gronovius) in proelia in Verg. Aen. 2,347 no longer has linguistic support.

Vorwort.--"Peer Gynt" und Ibsen.--Aphoristisch gebliebenes.--Zur charakterologie.--Über die einsinnigkeit der zeit und ihre ethische bedeutung nebst spekulationen über zeit, raum, wille überhaupt.--Metaphysik.--Die kultur und ihr verhältnis zu glauben, fürchten und wissen.--Letzte aphorismen.--Nachwort.

Excerpt from Aristoteles als Padagog und Didaktiker ln einer Sammlung von Monographien iiber Die groBen Erzieher darf Aristoteles, der Lehrer und Mentor des grossen Alexander, der Begrunder des Lyzeums, der Methodiker par excellerzce nicht fehlen. Wenn hier eine Darstellung seiner Erziehungsund Unterrichtslehre unternommen wird, so wird damit zugleich eine alte schuld an den groBen Denker und Lehrer abgetragen, denn bisher ist der Gegenstand nur in kleineren Schriften oder kurzen Partien groBerer Werke behandelt worden, etwa abgesehen von dem Buche Alex. Kapps: (...) Aristoteles' staatspadagogik, Hamm 1837, dessen Titel schon die einseitige Auffassung des Verfassers erkennen laotx Aristoteles ist weit weniger staatspadagog als Plato; besser wurde ihn der Titel Sozialpadagogsc charakterisieren, allein auch dieser erschopft das Wesen seiner Erziehungslehre nicht, die mit demselben Rechte Individualpadagogik genannt werden konnte. Es steht bei ihm das individuale und das soziale Element im Gleichgewichte, und darum sind seine Lehren fiir die Gegenwart, welche ein solches Gleichgewicht sucht, von geradezu aktuellem Interesse, das ihnen, wie sich zeigen wird, noch in anderem Betrachte zukommt. Ware es bei uns Brauch, wie es solcher bei den Romern war, dem Andenken Verstorbener Widmungen zu machen, so wurde ich mein Buch den Manen Adolf Trendelenburg's zueignen, der mehr als jeder andere fiir die Neubelebung der Aristotelesstudien gewirkt hat, und den ich vor nunmehr funfzig Jahren zum Lehrer zu erhalten, das Gliick hatte. Den Hilfsmitteln zu diesen Studien, an deren spitze die Gaben des Berliner Aristotelilcers stehen, ein neues, nicht ganz unbrauchbares und die alten wieder in Erinnerung bringendes, angereiht zu haben, wird mir als der Lohn der nicht eben miihelosen Arbeit gelten. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.". (shrink)

When the Association of German Scientists and Physicians last met in Düsseldorf exactly twenty-eight years ago on September 24, a debate took place following lectures by Felix Klein and Alfred Pringsheim on roughly the same topic to which I would like to direct your attention today. The printed report of the Düsseldorf debate only remarked that, “It is not possible to go into details here,” so one can only guess how two of the most powerful teacher personalities among German mathematicians (...) of that time had confronted one another with their diametrically opposed views on this topic and how they did so with their characteristically lively spirit. (shrink)

In her authoritative collection of contemporary sources on the Black Death, Rosemary Horrox subdivided the part dedicated to 'explanations and responses' in three sections: 'The religious response', 'Scientific explanation', and 'Human agency'.2 Even if there are overlaps between these categories, they offer explicit or implicit explanations of pestilence and suggest adequate responses to it in different terms. Documents in the first are centered on God's anger and punishment for human sins, those in the second on natural mechanisms not immediately dependent (...) on God's will, while those in the third on alleged conspiracies and secret machinations of the Jews. If we look at the... (shrink)